car-detection-bayes/utils/utils.py

1046 lines
42 KiB
Python
Executable File

import glob
import math
import os
import random
import shutil
from pathlib import Path
import cv2
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
from tqdm import tqdm
from . import torch_utils # , google_utils
matplotlib.rc('font', **{'size': 11})
# Set printoptions
torch.set_printoptions(linewidth=320, precision=5, profile='long')
np.set_printoptions(linewidth=320, formatter={'float_kind': '{:11.5g}'.format}) # format short g, %precision=5
# Prevent OpenCV from multithreading (to use PyTorch DataLoader)
cv2.setNumThreads(0)
def floatn(x, n=3): # format floats to n decimals
return float(format(x, '.%gf' % n))
def init_seeds(seed=0):
random.seed(seed)
np.random.seed(seed)
torch_utils.init_seeds(seed=seed)
def load_classes(path):
# Loads *.names file at 'path'
with open(path, 'r') as f:
names = f.read().split('\n')
return list(filter(None, names)) # filter removes empty strings (such as last line)
def labels_to_class_weights(labels, nc=80):
# Get class weights (inverse frequency) from training labels
if labels[0] is None: # no labels loaded
return torch.Tensor()
labels = np.concatenate(labels, 0) # labels.shape = (866643, 5) for COCO
classes = labels[:, 0].astype(np.int) # labels = [class xywh]
weights = np.bincount(classes, minlength=nc) # occurences per class
# Prepend gridpoint count (for uCE trianing)
# gpi = ((320 / 32 * np.array([1, 2, 4])) ** 2 * 3).sum() # gridpoints per image
# weights = np.hstack([gpi * len(labels) - weights.sum() * 9, weights * 9]) ** 0.5 # prepend gridpoints to start
weights[weights == 0] = 1 # replace empty bins with 1
weights = 1 / weights # number of targets per class
weights /= weights.sum() # normalize
return torch.from_numpy(weights)
def labels_to_image_weights(labels, nc=80, class_weights=np.ones(80)):
# Produces image weights based on class mAPs
n = len(labels)
class_counts = np.array([np.bincount(labels[i][:, 0].astype(np.int), minlength=nc) for i in range(n)])
image_weights = (class_weights.reshape(1, nc) * class_counts).sum(1)
# index = random.choices(range(n), weights=image_weights, k=1) # weight image sample
return image_weights
def coco_class_weights(): # frequency of each class in coco train2014
n = [187437, 4955, 30920, 6033, 3838, 4332, 3160, 7051, 7677, 9167, 1316, 1372, 833, 6757, 7355, 3302, 3776, 4671,
6769, 5706, 3908, 903, 3686, 3596, 6200, 7920, 8779, 4505, 4272, 1862, 4698, 1962, 4403, 6659, 2402, 2689,
4012, 4175, 3411, 17048, 5637, 14553, 3923, 5539, 4289, 10084, 7018, 4314, 3099, 4638, 4939, 5543, 2038, 4004,
5053, 4578, 27292, 4113, 5931, 2905, 11174, 2873, 4036, 3415, 1517, 4122, 1980, 4464, 1190, 2302, 156, 3933,
1877, 17630, 4337, 4624, 1075, 3468, 135, 1380]
weights = 1 / torch.Tensor(n)
weights /= weights.sum()
# with open('data/coco.names', 'r') as f:
# for k, v in zip(f.read().splitlines(), n):
# print('%20s: %g' % (k, v))
return weights
def coco80_to_coco91_class(): # converts 80-index (val2014) to 91-index (paper)
# https://tech.amikelive.com/node-718/what-object-categories-labels-are-in-coco-dataset/
# a = np.loadtxt('data/coco.names', dtype='str', delimiter='\n')
# b = np.loadtxt('data/coco_paper.names', dtype='str', delimiter='\n')
# x1 = [list(a[i] == b).index(True) + 1 for i in range(80)] # darknet to coco
# x2 = [list(b[i] == a).index(True) if any(b[i] == a) else None for i in range(91)] # coco to darknet
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
64, 65, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90]
return x
def weights_init_normal(m):
classname = m.__class__.__name__
if classname.find('Conv') != -1:
torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 0.0, 0.03)
elif classname.find('BatchNorm2d') != -1:
torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 1.0, 0.03)
torch.nn.init.constant_(m.bias.data, 0.0)
def xyxy2xywh(x):
# Convert bounding box format from [x1, y1, x2, y2] to [x, y, w, h]
y = torch.zeros_like(x) if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor) else np.zeros_like(x)
y[:, 0] = (x[:, 0] + x[:, 2]) / 2
y[:, 1] = (x[:, 1] + x[:, 3]) / 2
y[:, 2] = x[:, 2] - x[:, 0]
y[:, 3] = x[:, 3] - x[:, 1]
return y
def xywh2xyxy(x):
# Convert bounding box format from [x, y, w, h] to [x1, y1, x2, y2]
y = torch.zeros_like(x) if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor) else np.zeros_like(x)
y[:, 0] = x[:, 0] - x[:, 2] / 2
y[:, 1] = x[:, 1] - x[:, 3] / 2
y[:, 2] = x[:, 0] + x[:, 2] / 2
y[:, 3] = x[:, 1] + x[:, 3] / 2
return y
# def xywh2xyxy(box):
# # Convert nx4 boxes from [x, y, w, h] to [x1, y1, x2, y2]
# if isinstance(box, torch.Tensor):
# x, y, w, h = box.t()
# return torch.stack((x - w / 2, y - h / 2, x + w / 2, y + h / 2)).t()
# else: # numpy
# x, y, w, h = box.T
# return np.stack((x - w / 2, y - h / 2, x + w / 2, y + h / 2)).T
#
#
# def xyxy2xywh(box):
# # Convert nx4 boxes from [x1, y1, x2, y2] to [x, y, w, h]
# if isinstance(box, torch.Tensor):
# x1, y1, x2, y2 = box.t()
# return torch.stack(((x1 + x2) / 2, (y1 + y2) / 2, x2 - x1, y2 - y1)).t()
# else: # numpy
# x1, y1, x2, y2 = box.T
# return np.stack(((x1 + x2) / 2, (y1 + y2) / 2, x2 - x1, y2 - y1)).T
def scale_coords(img1_shape, coords, img0_shape, ratio_pad=None):
# Rescale coords (xyxy) from img1_shape to img0_shape
if ratio_pad is None: # calculate from img0_shape
gain = max(img1_shape) / max(img0_shape) # gain = old / new
pad = (img1_shape[1] - img0_shape[1] * gain) / 2, (img1_shape[0] - img0_shape[0] * gain) / 2 # wh padding
else:
gain = ratio_pad[0][0]
pad = ratio_pad[1]
coords[:, [0, 2]] -= pad[0] # x padding
coords[:, [1, 3]] -= pad[1] # y padding
coords[:, :4] /= gain
clip_coords(coords, img0_shape)
return coords
def clip_coords(boxes, img_shape):
# Clip bounding xyxy bounding boxes to image shape (height, width)
boxes[:, [0, 2]] = boxes[:, [0, 2]].clamp(min=0, max=img_shape[1]) # clip x
boxes[:, [1, 3]] = boxes[:, [1, 3]].clamp(min=0, max=img_shape[0]) # clip y
def ap_per_class(tp, conf, pred_cls, target_cls):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves.
Source: https://github.com/rafaelpadilla/Object-Detection-Metrics.
# Arguments
tp: True positives (nparray, nx1 or nx10).
conf: Objectness value from 0-1 (nparray).
pred_cls: Predicted object classes (nparray).
target_cls: True object classes (nparray).
# Returns
The average precision as computed in py-faster-rcnn.
"""
# Sort by objectness
i = np.argsort(-conf)
tp, conf, pred_cls = tp[i], conf[i], pred_cls[i]
# Find unique classes
unique_classes = np.unique(target_cls)
# Create Precision-Recall curve and compute AP for each class
s = [len(unique_classes), tp.shape[1]] # number class, number iou thresholds (i.e. 10 for mAP0.5...0.95)
ap, p, r = np.zeros(s), np.zeros(s), np.zeros(s)
for ci, c in enumerate(unique_classes):
i = pred_cls == c
n_gt = (target_cls == c).sum() # Number of ground truth objects
n_p = i.sum() # Number of predicted objects
if n_p == 0 or n_gt == 0:
continue
else:
# Accumulate FPs and TPs
fpc = (1 - tp[i]).cumsum(0)
tpc = tp[i].cumsum(0)
# Recall
recall = tpc / (n_gt + 1e-16) # recall curve
r[ci] = recall[-1]
# Precision
precision = tpc / (tpc + fpc) # precision curve
p[ci] = precision[-1]
# AP from recall-precision curve
for j in range(tp.shape[1]):
ap[ci, j] = compute_ap(recall[:, j], precision[:, j])
# Plot
# fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(4, 4))
# ax.plot(recall, precision)
# ax.set_xlabel('Recall')
# ax.set_ylabel('Precision')
# ax.set_xlim(0, 1.01)
# ax.set_ylim(0, 1.01)
# fig.tight_layout()
# fig.savefig('PR_curve.png', dpi=300)
# Compute F1 score (harmonic mean of precision and recall)
f1 = 2 * p * r / (p + r + 1e-16)
return p, r, ap, f1, unique_classes.astype('int32')
def compute_ap(recall, precision):
""" Compute the average precision, given the recall and precision curves.
Source: https://github.com/rbgirshick/py-faster-rcnn.
# Arguments
recall: The recall curve (list).
precision: The precision curve (list).
# Returns
The average precision as computed in py-faster-rcnn.
"""
# Append sentinel values to beginning and end
mrec = np.concatenate(([0.], recall, [min(recall[-1] + 1E-3, 1.)]))
mpre = np.concatenate(([0.], precision, [0.]))
# Compute the precision envelope
mpre = np.flip(np.maximum.accumulate(np.flip(mpre)))
# Integrate area under curve
method = 'interp' # methods: 'continuous', 'interp'
if method == 'interp':
x = np.linspace(0, 1, 101) # 101-point interp (COCO)
ap = np.trapz(np.interp(x, mrec, mpre), x) # integrate
else: # 'continuous'
i = np.where(mrec[1:] != mrec[:-1])[0] # points where x axis (recall) changes
ap = np.sum((mrec[i + 1] - mrec[i]) * mpre[i + 1]) # area under curve
return ap
def bbox_iou(box1, box2, x1y1x2y2=True, GIoU=False, DIoU=False, CIoU=False):
# Returns the IoU of box1 to box2. box1 is 4, box2 is nx4
box2 = box2.t()
# Get the coordinates of bounding boxes
if x1y1x2y2: # x1, y1, x2, y2 = box1
b1_x1, b1_y1, b1_x2, b1_y2 = box1[0], box1[1], box1[2], box1[3]
b2_x1, b2_y1, b2_x2, b2_y2 = box2[0], box2[1], box2[2], box2[3]
else: # x, y, w, h = box1
b1_x1, b1_x2 = box1[0] - box1[2] / 2, box1[0] + box1[2] / 2
b1_y1, b1_y2 = box1[1] - box1[3] / 2, box1[1] + box1[3] / 2
b2_x1, b2_x2 = box2[0] - box2[2] / 2, box2[0] + box2[2] / 2
b2_y1, b2_y2 = box2[1] - box2[3] / 2, box2[1] + box2[3] / 2
# Intersection area
inter = (torch.min(b1_x2, b2_x2) - torch.max(b1_x1, b2_x1)).clamp(0) * \
(torch.min(b1_y2, b2_y2) - torch.max(b1_y1, b2_y1)).clamp(0)
# Union Area
w1, h1 = b1_x2 - b1_x1, b1_y2 - b1_y1
w2, h2 = b2_x2 - b2_x1, b2_y2 - b2_y1
union = (w1 * h1 + 1e-16) + w2 * h2 - inter
iou = inter / union # iou
if GIoU or DIoU or CIoU:
cw = torch.max(b1_x2, b2_x2) - torch.min(b1_x1, b2_x1) # convex (smallest enclosing box) width
ch = torch.max(b1_y2, b2_y2) - torch.min(b1_y1, b2_y1) # convex height
if GIoU: # Generalized IoU https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.09630.pdf
c_area = cw * ch + 1e-16 # convex area
return iou - (c_area - union) / c_area # GIoU
if DIoU or CIoU: # Distance or Complete IoU https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08287v1
# convex diagonal squared
c2 = cw ** 2 + ch ** 2 + 1e-16
# centerpoint distance squared
rho2 = ((b2_x1 + b2_x2) - (b1_x1 + b1_x2)) ** 2 / 4 + ((b2_y1 + b2_y2) - (b1_y1 + b1_y2)) ** 2 / 4
if DIoU:
return iou - rho2 / c2 # DIoU
elif CIoU: # https://github.com/Zzh-tju/DIoU-SSD-pytorch/blob/master/utils/box/box_utils.py#L47
v = (4 / math.pi ** 2) * torch.pow(torch.atan(w2 / h2) - torch.atan(w1 / h1), 2)
with torch.no_grad():
alpha = v / (1 - iou + v)
return iou - (rho2 / c2 + v * alpha) # CIoU
return iou
def box_iou(boxes1, boxes2):
# https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/ops/boxes.py
"""
Return intersection-over-union (Jaccard index) of boxes.
Both sets of boxes are expected to be in (x1, y1, x2, y2) format.
Arguments:
boxes1 (Tensor[N, 4])
boxes2 (Tensor[M, 4])
Returns:
iou (Tensor[N, M]): the NxM matrix containing the pairwise
IoU values for every element in boxes1 and boxes2
"""
def box_area(box):
# box = 4xn
return (box[2] - box[0]) * (box[3] - box[1])
area1 = box_area(boxes1.t())
area2 = box_area(boxes2.t())
lt = torch.max(boxes1[:, None, :2], boxes2[:, :2]) # [N,M,2]
rb = torch.min(boxes1[:, None, 2:], boxes2[:, 2:]) # [N,M,2]
inter = (rb - lt).clamp(min=0).prod(2) # [N,M]
return inter / (area1[:, None] + area2 - inter) # iou = inter / (area1 + area2 - inter)
def wh_iou(wh1, wh2):
# Returns the nxm IoU matrix. wh1 is nx2, wh2 is mx2
wh1 = wh1[:, None] # [N,1,2]
wh2 = wh2[None] # [1,M,2]
inter = torch.min(wh1, wh2).prod(2) # [N,M]
return inter / (wh1.prod(2) + wh2.prod(2) - inter) # iou = inter / (area1 + area2 - inter)
class FocalLoss(nn.Module):
# Wraps focal loss around existing loss_fcn() https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.02002.pdf
# i.e. criteria = FocalLoss(nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(), gamma=2.5)
def __init__(self, loss_fcn, gamma=0.5, alpha=1, reduction='mean'):
super(FocalLoss, self).__init__()
loss_fcn.reduction = 'none' # required to apply FL to each element
self.loss_fcn = loss_fcn
self.gamma = gamma
self.alpha = alpha
self.reduction = reduction
def forward(self, input, target):
loss = self.loss_fcn(input, target)
loss *= self.alpha * (1.000001 - torch.exp(-loss)) ** self.gamma # non-zero power for gradient stability
if self.reduction == 'mean':
return loss.mean()
elif self.reduction == 'sum':
return loss.sum()
else: # 'none'
return loss
def compute_loss(p, targets, model, giou_flag=True): # predictions, targets, model
ft = torch.cuda.FloatTensor if p[0].is_cuda else torch.Tensor
lcls, lbox, lobj = ft([0]), ft([0]), ft([0])
tcls, tbox, indices, anchor_vec = build_targets(model, targets)
h = model.hyp # hyperparameters
arc = model.arc # # (default, uCE, uBCE) detection architectures
red = 'sum' # Loss reduction (sum or mean)
# Define criteria
BCEcls = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=ft([h['cls_pw']]), reduction=red)
BCEobj = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=ft([h['obj_pw']]), reduction=red)
BCE = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(reduction=red)
CE = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction=red) # weight=model.class_weights
if 'F' in arc: # add focal loss
g = h['fl_gamma']
BCEcls, BCEobj, BCE, CE = FocalLoss(BCEcls, g), FocalLoss(BCEobj, g), FocalLoss(BCE, g), FocalLoss(CE, g)
# Compute losses
np, ng = 0, 0 # number grid points, targets
for i, pi in enumerate(p): # layer index, layer predictions
b, a, gj, gi = indices[i] # image, anchor, gridy, gridx
tobj = torch.zeros_like(pi[..., 0]) # target obj
np += tobj.numel()
# Compute losses
nb = len(b)
if nb: # number of targets
ng += nb
ps = pi[b, a, gj, gi] # prediction subset corresponding to targets
# ps[:, 2:4] = torch.sigmoid(ps[:, 2:4]) # wh power loss (uncomment)
# GIoU
pxy = torch.sigmoid(ps[:, 0:2]) # pxy = pxy * s - (s - 1) / 2, s = 1.5 (scale_xy)
pwh = torch.exp(ps[:, 2:4]).clamp(max=1E3) * anchor_vec[i]
pbox = torch.cat((pxy, pwh), 1) # predicted box
giou = bbox_iou(pbox.t(), tbox[i], x1y1x2y2=False, GIoU=True) # giou computation
lbox += (1.0 - giou).sum() if red == 'sum' else (1.0 - giou).mean() # giou loss
tobj[b, a, gj, gi] = giou.detach().type(tobj.dtype) if giou_flag else 1.0
if 'default' in arc and model.nc > 1: # cls loss (only if multiple classes)
t = torch.zeros_like(ps[:, 5:]) # targets
t[range(nb), tcls[i]] = 1.0
lcls += BCEcls(ps[:, 5:], t) # BCE
# lcls += CE(ps[:, 5:], tcls[i]) # CE
# Instance-class weighting (use with reduction='none')
# nt = t.sum(0) + 1 # number of targets per class
# lcls += (BCEcls(ps[:, 5:], t) / nt).mean() * nt.mean() # v1
# lcls += (BCEcls(ps[:, 5:], t) / nt[tcls[i]].view(-1,1)).mean() * nt.mean() # v2
# Append targets to text file
# with open('targets.txt', 'a') as file:
# [file.write('%11.5g ' * 4 % tuple(x) + '\n') for x in torch.cat((txy[i], twh[i]), 1)]
if 'default' in arc: # separate obj and cls
lobj += BCEobj(pi[..., 4], tobj) # obj loss
elif 'BCE' in arc: # unified BCE (80 classes)
t = torch.zeros_like(pi[..., 5:]) # targets
if nb:
t[b, a, gj, gi, tcls[i]] = 1.0
lobj += BCE(pi[..., 5:], t)
elif 'CE' in arc: # unified CE (1 background + 80 classes)
t = torch.zeros_like(pi[..., 0], dtype=torch.long) # targets
if nb:
t[b, a, gj, gi] = tcls[i] + 1
lcls += CE(pi[..., 4:].view(-1, model.nc + 1), t.view(-1))
lbox *= h['giou']
lobj *= h['obj']
lcls *= h['cls']
if red == 'sum':
bs = tobj.shape[0] # batch size
lobj *= 3 / (6300 * bs) * 2 # 3 / np * 2
if ng:
lcls *= 3 / ng / model.nc
lbox *= 3 / ng
loss = lbox + lobj + lcls
return loss, torch.cat((lbox, lobj, lcls, loss)).detach()
def build_targets(model, targets):
# targets = [image, class, x, y, w, h]
nt = len(targets)
tcls, tbox, indices, av = [], [], [], []
multi_gpu = type(model) in (nn.parallel.DataParallel, nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel)
reject, use_all_anchors = True, True
for i in model.yolo_layers:
# get number of grid points and anchor vec for this yolo layer
if multi_gpu:
ng, anchor_vec = model.module.module_list[i].ng, model.module.module_list[i].anchor_vec
else:
ng, anchor_vec = model.module_list[i].ng, model.module_list[i].anchor_vec
# iou of targets-anchors
t, a = targets, []
gwh = t[:, 4:6] * ng
if nt:
iou = wh_iou(anchor_vec, gwh)
if use_all_anchors:
na = len(anchor_vec) # number of anchors
a = torch.arange(na).view((-1, 1)).repeat([1, nt]).view(-1)
t = targets.repeat([na, 1])
gwh = gwh.repeat([na, 1])
else: # use best anchor only
iou, a = iou.max(0) # best iou and anchor
# reject anchors below iou_thres (OPTIONAL, increases P, lowers R)
if reject:
j = iou.view(-1) > model.hyp['iou_t'] # iou threshold hyperparameter
t, a, gwh = t[j], a[j], gwh[j]
# Indices
b, c = t[:, :2].long().t() # target image, class
gxy = t[:, 2:4] * ng # grid x, y
gi, gj = gxy.long().t() # grid x, y indices
indices.append((b, a, gj, gi))
# Box
gxy -= gxy.floor() # xy
tbox.append(torch.cat((gxy, gwh), 1)) # xywh (grids)
av.append(anchor_vec[a]) # anchor vec
# Class
tcls.append(c)
if c.shape[0]: # if any targets
assert c.max() < model.nc, 'Model accepts %g classes labeled from 0-%g, however you labelled a class %g. ' \
'See https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/wiki/Train-Custom-Data' % (
model.nc, model.nc - 1, c.max())
return tcls, tbox, indices, av
def non_max_suppression(prediction, conf_thres=0.5, iou_thres=0.5, multi_cls=True, classes=None, agnostic=False):
"""
Removes detections with lower object confidence score than 'conf_thres'
Non-Maximum Suppression to further filter detections.
Returns detections with shape:
(x1, y1, x2, y2, object_conf, conf, class)
"""
# NMS methods https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/679 'or', 'and', 'merge', 'vision', 'vision_batch'
# Box constraints
min_wh, max_wh = 2, 4096 # (pixels) minimum and maximum box width and height
method = 'vision_batch'
nc = prediction[0].shape[1] - 5 # number of classes
multi_cls = multi_cls and (nc > 1) # allow multiple classes per anchor
output = [None] * len(prediction)
for image_i, pred in enumerate(prediction):
# Apply conf constraint
pred = pred[pred[:, 4] > conf_thres]
# Apply width-height constraint
pred = pred[(pred[:, 2:4] > min_wh).all(1) & (pred[:, 2:4] < max_wh).all(1)]
# If none remain process next image
if len(pred) == 0:
continue
# Compute conf
pred[..., 5:] *= pred[..., 4:5] # conf = obj_conf * cls_conf
# Box (center x, center y, width, height) to (x1, y1, x2, y2)
box = xywh2xyxy(pred[:, :4])
# Detections matrix nx6 (xyxy, conf, cls)
if multi_cls:
i, j = (pred[:, 5:] > conf_thres).nonzero().t()
pred = torch.cat((box[i], pred[i, j + 5].unsqueeze(1), j.float().unsqueeze(1)), 1)
else: # best class only
conf, j = pred[:, 5:].max(1)
pred = torch.cat((box, conf.unsqueeze(1), j.float().unsqueeze(1)), 1)
# Filter by class
if classes:
pred = pred[(j.view(-1, 1) == torch.tensor(classes, device=j.device)).any(1)]
# Apply finite constraint
if not torch.isfinite(pred).all():
pred = pred[torch.isfinite(pred).all(1)]
# Batched NMS
if method == 'vision_batch':
c = pred[:, 5] * 0 if agnostic else pred[:, 5] # class-agnostic NMS
output[image_i] = pred[torchvision.ops.boxes.batched_nms(pred[:, :4], pred[:, 4], c, iou_thres)]
continue
# Sort by confidence
if not method.startswith('vision'):
pred = pred[pred[:, 4].argsort(descending=True)]
# All other NMS methods
det_max = []
cls = pred[:, -1]
for c in cls.unique():
dc = pred[cls == c] # select class c
n = len(dc)
if n == 1:
det_max.append(dc) # No NMS required if only 1 prediction
continue
elif n > 500:
dc = dc[:500] # limit to first 500 boxes: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/117
if method == 'vision':
det_max.append(dc[torchvision.ops.boxes.nms(dc[:, :4], dc[:, 4], iou_thres)])
elif method == 'or': # default
# METHOD1
# ind = list(range(len(dc)))
# while len(ind):
# j = ind[0]
# det_max.append(dc[j:j + 1]) # save highest conf detection
# reject = (bbox_iou(dc[j], dc[ind]) > iou_thres).nonzero()
# [ind.pop(i) for i in reversed(reject)]
# METHOD2
while dc.shape[0]:
det_max.append(dc[:1]) # save highest conf detection
if len(dc) == 1: # Stop if we're at the last detection
break
iou = bbox_iou(dc[0], dc[1:]) # iou with other boxes
dc = dc[1:][iou < iou_thres] # remove ious > threshold
elif method == 'and': # requires overlap, single boxes erased
while len(dc) > 1:
iou = bbox_iou(dc[0], dc[1:]) # iou with other boxes
if iou.max() > 0.5:
det_max.append(dc[:1])
dc = dc[1:][iou < iou_thres] # remove ious > threshold
elif method == 'merge': # weighted mixture box
while len(dc):
if len(dc) == 1:
det_max.append(dc)
break
i = bbox_iou(dc[0], dc) > iou_thres # iou with other boxes
weights = dc[i, 4:5]
dc[0, :4] = (weights * dc[i, :4]).sum(0) / weights.sum()
det_max.append(dc[:1])
dc = dc[i == 0]
elif method == 'soft': # soft-NMS https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04503
sigma = 0.5 # soft-nms sigma parameter
while len(dc):
if len(dc) == 1:
det_max.append(dc)
break
det_max.append(dc[:1])
iou = bbox_iou(dc[0], dc[1:]) # iou with other boxes
dc = dc[1:]
dc[:, 4] *= torch.exp(-iou ** 2 / sigma) # decay confidences
dc = dc[dc[:, 4] > conf_thres] # https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/362
if len(det_max):
det_max = torch.cat(det_max) # concatenate
output[image_i] = det_max[(-det_max[:, 4]).argsort()] # sort
return output
def get_yolo_layers(model):
bool_vec = [x['type'] == 'yolo' for x in model.module_defs]
return [i for i, x in enumerate(bool_vec) if x] # [82, 94, 106] for yolov3
def print_model_biases(model):
# prints the bias neurons preceding each yolo layer
print('\nModel Bias Summary: %8s%18s%18s%18s' % ('layer', 'regression', 'objectness', 'classification'))
multi_gpu = type(model) in (nn.parallel.DataParallel, nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel)
for l in model.yolo_layers: # print pretrained biases
if multi_gpu:
na = model.module.module_list[l].na # number of anchors
b = model.module.module_list[l - 1][0].bias.view(na, -1) # bias 3x85
else:
na = model.module_list[l].na
b = model.module_list[l - 1][0].bias.view(na, -1) # bias 3x85
print(' ' * 20 + '%8g %18s%18s%18s' % (l, '%5.2f+/-%-5.2f' % (b[:, :4].mean(), b[:, :4].std()),
'%5.2f+/-%-5.2f' % (b[:, 4].mean(), b[:, 4].std()),
'%5.2f+/-%-5.2f' % (b[:, 5:].mean(), b[:, 5:].std())))
def strip_optimizer(f='weights/last.pt'): # from utils.utils import *; strip_optimizer()
# Strip optimizer from *.pt files for lighter files (reduced by 2/3 size)
x = torch.load(f, map_location=torch.device('cpu'))
x['optimizer'] = None
# x['training_results'] = None # uncomment to create a backbone
# x['epoch'] = -1 # uncomment to create a backbone
torch.save(x, f)
def create_backbone(f='weights/last.pt'): # from utils.utils import *; create_backbone()
# create a backbone from a *.pt file
x = torch.load(f, map_location=torch.device('cpu'))
x['optimizer'] = None
x['training_results'] = None
x['epoch'] = -1
for p in x['model'].values():
try:
p.requires_grad = True
except:
pass
torch.save(x, 'weights/backbone.pt')
def coco_class_count(path='../coco/labels/train2014/'):
# Histogram of occurrences per class
nc = 80 # number classes
x = np.zeros(nc, dtype='int32')
files = sorted(glob.glob('%s/*.*' % path))
for i, file in enumerate(files):
labels = np.loadtxt(file, dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, 5)
x += np.bincount(labels[:, 0].astype('int32'), minlength=nc)
print(i, len(files))
def coco_only_people(path='../coco/labels/train2017/'): # from utils.utils import *; coco_only_people()
# Find images with only people
files = sorted(glob.glob('%s/*.*' % path))
for i, file in enumerate(files):
labels = np.loadtxt(file, dtype=np.float32).reshape(-1, 5)
if all(labels[:, 0] == 0):
print(labels.shape[0], file)
def select_best_evolve(path='evolve*.txt'): # from utils.utils import *; select_best_evolve()
# Find best evolved mutation
for file in sorted(glob.glob(path)):
x = np.loadtxt(file, dtype=np.float32, ndmin=2)
print(file, x[fitness(x).argmax()])
def crop_images_random(path='../images/', scale=0.50): # from utils.utils import *; crop_images_random()
# crops images into random squares up to scale fraction
# WARNING: overwrites images!
for file in tqdm(sorted(glob.glob('%s/*.*' % path))):
img = cv2.imread(file) # BGR
if img is not None:
h, w = img.shape[:2]
# create random mask
a = 30 # minimum size (pixels)
mask_h = random.randint(a, int(max(a, h * scale))) # mask height
mask_w = mask_h # mask width
# box
xmin = max(0, random.randint(0, w) - mask_w // 2)
ymin = max(0, random.randint(0, h) - mask_h // 2)
xmax = min(w, xmin + mask_w)
ymax = min(h, ymin + mask_h)
# apply random color mask
cv2.imwrite(file, img[ymin:ymax, xmin:xmax])
def coco_single_class_labels(path='../coco/labels/train2014/', label_class=43):
# Makes single-class coco datasets. from utils.utils import *; coco_single_class_labels()
if os.path.exists('new/'):
shutil.rmtree('new/') # delete output folder
os.makedirs('new/') # make new output folder
os.makedirs('new/labels/')
os.makedirs('new/images/')
for file in tqdm(sorted(glob.glob('%s/*.*' % path))):
with open(file, 'r') as f:
labels = np.array([x.split() for x in f.read().splitlines()], dtype=np.float32)
i = labels[:, 0] == label_class
if any(i):
img_file = file.replace('labels', 'images').replace('txt', 'jpg')
labels[:, 0] = 0 # reset class to 0
with open('new/images.txt', 'a') as f: # add image to dataset list
f.write(img_file + '\n')
with open('new/labels/' + Path(file).name, 'a') as f: # write label
for l in labels[i]:
f.write('%g %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f\n' % tuple(l))
shutil.copyfile(src=img_file, dst='new/images/' + Path(file).name.replace('txt', 'jpg')) # copy images
def kmean_anchors(path='../coco/train2017.txt', n=9, img_size=(320, 640)):
# from utils.utils import *; _ = kmean_anchors()
# Produces a list of target kmeans suitable for use in *.cfg files
from utils.datasets import LoadImagesAndLabels
thr = 0.20 # IoU threshold
def print_results(thr, wh, k):
k = k[np.argsort(k.prod(1))] # sort small to large
iou = wh_iou(torch.Tensor(wh), torch.Tensor(k))
max_iou, min_iou = iou.max(1)[0], iou.min(1)[0]
bpr, aat = (max_iou > thr).float().mean(), (iou > thr).float().mean() * n # best possible recall, anch > thr
print('%.2f iou_thr: %.3f best possible recall, %.2f anchors > thr' % (thr, bpr, aat))
print('kmeans anchors (n=%g, img_size=%s, IoU=%.3f/%.3f/%.3f-min/mean/best): ' %
(n, img_size, min_iou.mean(), iou.mean(), max_iou.mean()), end='')
for i, x in enumerate(k):
print('%i,%i' % (round(x[0]), round(x[1])), end=', ' if i < len(k) - 1 else '\n') # use in *.cfg
return k
def fitness(thr, wh, k): # mutation fitness
iou = wh_iou(wh, torch.Tensor(k)).max(1)[0] # max iou
bpr = (iou > thr).float().mean() # best possible recall
return iou.mean() * bpr # product
# Get label wh
wh = []
dataset = LoadImagesAndLabels(path, augment=True, rect=True, cache_labels=True)
nr = 1 if img_size[0] == img_size[1] else 10 # number augmentation repetitions
for s, l in zip(dataset.shapes, dataset.labels):
wh.append(l[:, 3:5] * (s / s.max())) # image normalized to letterbox normalized wh
wh = np.concatenate(wh, 0).repeat(nr, axis=0) # augment 10x
wh *= np.random.uniform(img_size[0], img_size[1], size=(wh.shape[0], 1)) # normalized to pixels (multi-scale)
# Darknet yolov3.cfg anchors
use_darknet = False
if use_darknet:
k = np.array([[10, 13], [16, 30], [33, 23], [30, 61], [62, 45], [59, 119], [116, 90], [156, 198], [373, 326]])
else:
# Kmeans calculation
from scipy.cluster.vq import kmeans
print('Running kmeans for %g anchors on %g points...' % (n, len(wh)))
s = wh.std(0) # sigmas for whitening
k, dist = kmeans(wh / s, n, iter=30) # points, mean distance
k *= s
k = print_results(thr, wh, k)
# # Plot
# k, d = [None] * 20, [None] * 20
# for i in tqdm(range(1, 21)):
# k[i-1], d[i-1] = kmeans(wh / s, i) # points, mean distance
# fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14, 7))
# ax = ax.ravel()
# ax[0].plot(np.arange(1, 21), np.array(d) ** 2, marker='.')
# Evolve
npr = np.random
wh = torch.Tensor(wh)
f, sh, ng, mp, s = fitness(thr, wh, k), k.shape, 1000, 0.9, 0.1 # fitness, generations, mutation probability, sigma
for _ in tqdm(range(ng), desc='Evolving anchors'):
v = np.ones(sh)
while (v == 1).all(): # mutate until a change occurs (prevent duplicates)
v = ((npr.random(sh) < mp) * npr.random() * npr.randn(*sh) * s + 1).clip(0.3, 3.0) # 98.6, 61.6
kg = (k.copy() * v).clip(min=2.0)
fg = fitness(thr, wh, kg)
if fg > f:
f, k = fg, kg.copy()
print_results(thr, wh, k)
k = print_results(thr, wh, k)
return k
def print_mutation(hyp, results, bucket=''):
# Print mutation results to evolve.txt (for use with train.py --evolve)
a = '%10s' * len(hyp) % tuple(hyp.keys()) # hyperparam keys
b = '%10.3g' * len(hyp) % tuple(hyp.values()) # hyperparam values
c = '%10.4g' * len(results) % results # results (P, R, mAP, F1, test_loss)
print('\n%s\n%s\nEvolved fitness: %s\n' % (a, b, c))
if bucket:
os.system('gsutil cp gs://%s/evolve.txt .' % bucket) # download evolve.txt
with open('evolve.txt', 'a') as f: # append result
f.write(c + b + '\n')
x = np.unique(np.loadtxt('evolve.txt', ndmin=2), axis=0) # load unique rows
np.savetxt('evolve.txt', x[np.argsort(-fitness(x))], '%10.3g') # save sort by fitness
if bucket:
os.system('gsutil cp evolve.txt gs://%s' % bucket) # upload evolve.txt
def apply_classifier(x, model, img, im0):
# applies a second stage classifier to yolo outputs
im0 = [im0] if isinstance(im0, np.ndarray) else im0
for i, d in enumerate(x): # per image
if d is not None and len(d):
d = d.clone()
# Reshape and pad cutouts
b = xyxy2xywh(d[:, :4]) # boxes
b[:, 2:] = b[:, 2:].max(1)[0].unsqueeze(1) # rectangle to square
b[:, 2:] = b[:, 2:] * 1.3 + 30 # pad
d[:, :4] = xywh2xyxy(b).long()
# Rescale boxes from img_size to im0 size
scale_coords(img.shape[2:], d[:, :4], im0[i].shape)
# Classes
pred_cls1 = d[:, 5].long()
ims = []
for j, a in enumerate(d): # per item
cutout = im0[i][int(a[1]):int(a[3]), int(a[0]):int(a[2])]
im = cv2.resize(cutout, (224, 224)) # BGR
# cv2.imwrite('test%i.jpg' % j, cutout)
im = im[:, :, ::-1].transpose(2, 0, 1) # BGR to RGB, to 3x416x416
im = np.ascontiguousarray(im, dtype=np.float32) # uint8 to float32
im /= 255.0 # 0 - 255 to 0.0 - 1.0
ims.append(im)
pred_cls2 = model(torch.Tensor(ims).to(d.device)).argmax(1) # classifier prediction
x[i] = x[i][pred_cls1 == pred_cls2] # retain matching class detections
return x
def fitness(x):
# Returns fitness (for use with results.txt or evolve.txt)
w = [0.01, 0.01, 0.75, 0.23] # weights for [P, R, mAP, F1]@0.5 or [P, R, mAP@0.5:0.95, mAP@0.5]
return (x[:, :4] * w).sum(1)
# Plotting functions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def plot_one_box(x, img, color=None, label=None, line_thickness=None):
# Plots one bounding box on image img
tl = line_thickness or round(0.002 * (img.shape[0] + img.shape[1]) / 2) + 1 # line thickness
color = color or [random.randint(0, 255) for _ in range(3)]
c1, c2 = (int(x[0]), int(x[1])), (int(x[2]), int(x[3]))
cv2.rectangle(img, c1, c2, color, thickness=tl)
if label:
tf = max(tl - 1, 1) # font thickness
t_size = cv2.getTextSize(label, 0, fontScale=tl / 3, thickness=tf)[0]
c2 = c1[0] + t_size[0], c1[1] - t_size[1] - 3
cv2.rectangle(img, c1, c2, color, -1) # filled
cv2.putText(img, label, (c1[0], c1[1] - 2), 0, tl / 3, [225, 255, 255], thickness=tf, lineType=cv2.LINE_AA)
def plot_wh_methods(): # from utils.utils import *; plot_wh_methods()
# Compares the two methods for width-height anchor multiplication
# https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/168
x = np.arange(-4.0, 4.0, .1)
ya = np.exp(x)
yb = torch.sigmoid(torch.from_numpy(x)).numpy() * 2
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 3), dpi=150)
plt.plot(x, ya, '.-', label='yolo method')
plt.plot(x, yb ** 2, '.-', label='^2 power method')
plt.plot(x, yb ** 2.5, '.-', label='^2.5 power method')
plt.xlim(left=-4, right=4)
plt.ylim(bottom=0, top=6)
plt.xlabel('input')
plt.ylabel('output')
plt.legend()
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig('comparison.png', dpi=200)
def plot_images(imgs, targets, paths=None, fname='images.png'):
# Plots training images overlaid with targets
imgs = imgs.cpu().numpy()
targets = targets.cpu().numpy()
# targets = targets[targets[:, 1] == 21] # plot only one class
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
bs, _, h, w = imgs.shape # batch size, _, height, width
bs = min(bs, 16) # limit plot to 16 images
ns = np.ceil(bs ** 0.5) # number of subplots
for i in range(bs):
boxes = xywh2xyxy(targets[targets[:, 0] == i, 2:6]).T
boxes[[0, 2]] *= w
boxes[[1, 3]] *= h
plt.subplot(ns, ns, i + 1).imshow(imgs[i].transpose(1, 2, 0))
plt.plot(boxes[[0, 2, 2, 0, 0]], boxes[[1, 1, 3, 3, 1]], '.-')
plt.axis('off')
if paths is not None:
s = Path(paths[i]).name
plt.title(s[:min(len(s), 40)], fontdict={'size': 8}) # limit to 40 characters
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig(fname, dpi=200)
plt.close()
def plot_test_txt(): # from utils.utils import *; plot_test()
# Plot test.txt histograms
x = np.loadtxt('test.txt', dtype=np.float32)
box = xyxy2xywh(x[:, :4])
cx, cy = box[:, 0], box[:, 1]
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(6, 6))
ax.hist2d(cx, cy, bins=600, cmax=10, cmin=0)
ax.set_aspect('equal')
fig.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('hist2d.png', dpi=300)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6))
ax[0].hist(cx, bins=600)
ax[1].hist(cy, bins=600)
fig.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('hist1d.png', dpi=200)
def plot_targets_txt(): # from utils.utils import *; plot_targets_txt()
# Plot test.txt histograms
x = np.loadtxt('targets.txt', dtype=np.float32)
x = x.T
s = ['x targets', 'y targets', 'width targets', 'height targets']
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(8, 8))
ax = ax.ravel()
for i in range(4):
ax[i].hist(x[i], bins=100, label='%.3g +/- %.3g' % (x[i].mean(), x[i].std()))
ax[i].legend()
ax[i].set_title(s[i])
fig.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('targets.jpg', dpi=200)
def plot_evolution_results(hyp): # from utils.utils import *; plot_evolution_results(hyp)
# Plot hyperparameter evolution results in evolve.txt
x = np.loadtxt('evolve.txt', ndmin=2)
f = fitness(x)
weights = (f - f.min()) ** 2 # for weighted results
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
matplotlib.rc('font', **{'size': 8})
for i, (k, v) in enumerate(hyp.items()):
y = x[:, i + 7]
# mu = (y * weights).sum() / weights.sum() # best weighted result
mu = y[f.argmax()] # best single result
plt.subplot(4, 5, i + 1)
plt.plot(mu, f.max(), 'o', markersize=10)
plt.plot(y, f, '.')
plt.title('%s = %.3g' % (k, mu), fontdict={'size': 9}) # limit to 40 characters
print('%15s: %.3g' % (k, mu))
fig.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('evolve.png', dpi=200)
def plot_results_overlay(start=0, stop=0): # from utils.utils import *; plot_results_overlay()
# Plot training results files 'results*.txt', overlaying train and val losses
s = ['train', 'train', 'train', 'Precision', 'mAP@0.5', 'val', 'val', 'val', 'Recall', 'F1'] # legends
t = ['GIoU', 'Objectness', 'Classification', 'P-R', 'mAP-F1'] # titles
for f in sorted(glob.glob('results*.txt') + glob.glob('../../Downloads/results*.txt')):
results = np.loadtxt(f, usecols=[2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 10, 11], ndmin=2).T
n = results.shape[1] # number of rows
x = range(start, min(stop, n) if stop else n)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 5, figsize=(14, 3.5))
ax = ax.ravel()
for i in range(5):
for j in [i, i + 5]:
y = results[j, x]
if i in [0, 1, 2]:
y[y == 0] = np.nan # dont show zero loss values
ax[i].plot(x, y, marker='.', label=s[j])
ax[i].set_title(t[i])
ax[i].legend()
ax[i].set_ylabel(f) if i == 0 else None # add filename
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig(f.replace('.txt', '.png'), dpi=200)
def plot_results(start=0, stop=0, bucket='', id=()): # from utils.utils import *; plot_results()
# Plot training results files 'results*.txt'
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 5, figsize=(14, 7))
ax = ax.ravel()
s = ['GIoU', 'Objectness', 'Classification', 'Precision', 'Recall',
'val GIoU', 'val Objectness', 'val Classification', 'mAP@0.5', 'F1']
if bucket:
os.system('rm -rf storage.googleapis.com')
files = ['https://storage.googleapis.com/%s/results%g.txt' % (bucket, x) for x in id]
else:
files = glob.glob('results*.txt') + glob.glob('../../Downloads/results*.txt')
for f in sorted(files):
results = np.loadtxt(f, usecols=[2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 10, 11], ndmin=2).T
n = results.shape[1] # number of rows
x = range(start, min(stop, n) if stop else n)
for i in range(10):
y = results[i, x]
if i in [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7]:
y[y == 0] = np.nan # dont show zero loss values
# y /= y[0] # normalize
ax[i].plot(x, y, marker='.', label=Path(f).stem)
ax[i].set_title(s[i])
if i in [5, 6, 7]: # share train and val loss y axes
ax[i].get_shared_y_axes().join(ax[i], ax[i - 5])
fig.tight_layout()
ax[1].legend()
fig.savefig('results.png', dpi=200)